31-country business-culture briefs — customs stated as common practice, backed by our data.
The standard greeting is 'As-salamu alaykum' (peace be upon you), with the expected reply 'Wa alaykum as-salam.' Handshakes between men are common; men typically do not initiate handshakes with women — wait for her to extend her hand first. Building a personal rapport is foundational to business relationships, and initial meetings often focus on getting acquainted rather than business matters.
Use formal titles such as 'Sheikh,' 'Dr.,' or 'Eng.' followed by the surname in professional settings, as titles carry significant weight. Shift to first names only after the Saudi counterpart explicitly invites it. Always use correct titles for members of the royal family and senior government officials.
Avoid passing documents, business cards, or food with the left hand, which is considered unclean in local custom. Refrain from public criticism of Islam or Saudi government policy; religion and politics require particular sensitivity. Do not display physical affection between genders or consume alcohol in offices or public spaces.
Meetings are commonly interrupted or rescheduled around the five daily prayer times; familiarize yourself with the prayer schedule and remain flexible. It is normal for multiple meetings to run concurrently, with attendees moving in and out — this is not a sign of disrespect. Bringing bilingual materials in Arabic and English demonstrates cultural consideration.
The pace of negotiation tends to be deliberate; applying aggressive pressure or rigid deadlines commonly undermines progress. Decision-making is hierarchical, with final approval resting at senior levels, so patience is essential. Trust and personal rapport frequently carry more weight than contract terms alone, as long-term relationships are prioritized over one-off deals.
Business meals typically take place in restaurants and feature non-alcoholic beverages; pork and alcohol are not available in Saudi Arabia. During Ramadan, non-Muslims should eat and drink discreetly in public during daylight hours. Accepting traditional Qahwa (Arabic coffee) and dates is a courteous gesture toward your host.
Arrive punctually for business appointments, but be prepared for your counterpart to be delayed and remain patient. During Ramadan, working hours are reduced and the overall pace of business slows noticeably. Friday is the Islamic day of congregation and rest; the standard business week runs Sunday through Thursday.
Religious observances including the Islamic New Year and Mawlid al-Nabi (Prophet's Birthday) typically pause business activity. Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are the most significant holidays, commonly lasting several days to a week — plan travel and meetings well in advance. Saudi National Day falls on September 23rd, when government offices and many businesses close.