31-country business-culture briefs — customs stated as common practice, backed by our data.
Handshakes are standard for first meetings; make eye contact to convey confidence and respect. A brief 'Nice to meet you' suffices — extended pleasantries are not expected. A firm handshake and genuine smile are considered professional.
First-name basis is the norm in most American workplaces, often from the very first introduction. Follow the other party's lead after exchanging business cards or introductions. In formal sectors such as law or finance, begin with 'Mr./Ms. [Last Name]' until invited to use the first name.
Avoid asking about age, salary, marital status, religion, or political views — these are considered private matters in professional settings. Prolonged phone use during meetings or meals is generally frowned upon. Vague commitments or overpromising may damage trust; direct, clear communication is highly valued.
Meetings are typically scheduled in advance via calendar invitations and include an agenda. Participants are expected to arrive on time, come prepared, and contribute actively. Meetings usually conclude with clearly defined action items and owners, followed by email confirmation.
American negotiation style is direct, data-driven, and focused on clear contract terms. Decision-making is relatively fast, and counterparts are often empowered to make on-the-spot decisions within defined limits. Written agreements carry legal weight; verbal commitments are generally expected to be confirmed in writing.
Business lunches and dinners are common; the inviting party typically pays, though confirming this in advance is advisable. Business topics may be raised during the meal without waiting until the end. Tipping 18–20% of the pre-tax bill is customary at restaurants.
Punctuality is essential — arriving more than five minutes late warrants advance notice and an apology. Schedules are tightly managed, and meetings start and end on time. If rescheduling is necessary, notify the other party as early as possible.
Key business holidays include New Year's Day (January 1), Thanksgiving (fourth Thursday of November), and Christmas Day (December 25). The Thanksgiving-to-New Year period is a holiday season when many companies slow down — avoid scheduling critical negotiations then. Independence Day (July 4) and Labor Day (first Monday of September) are also widely observed.